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Διαμόρφωση φαινομένου υφαλμύρισης και ενεργειακή μελέτη από την δημιουργία υβριδικού αντλησιοταμιευτικού συστήματος ανεμογεννητριών-υδροστροβίλων

Kostopoulos Georgios

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Summary

The field study of the current thesis is located on the island of Crete in the region of the northeast part of Heraklion Prefecture in the broader area of Hersonisos and specifically near the Malia settlement. An establishment of a hybrid pumping-saving system is to be constructed in the region, which will function with the help of the electric energy from four nearby wind parks, two in Chania and two in Rethimno Prefecture. The energy created from the wind parks, will be saved in a water tank (upper tank) with the help of water pumps, in the form of dynamic energy of water, until it is returned back to the lower water tank and to the grid, in case there is a demand in electricity, while first it will have been transformed through gravity and the hydro turbines from dynamic to kinetic and finally to electric energy. The main objective of this thesis is to examine using the FEFLOW (Finite Element subsurface Flow system) model, how the water resources will be affected, from the pumping of the first filling of the lower water tank (construction phase of the project) with volume of 1.200.000 m3 of water, which is scheduled to occur in two 6 month periods [1st pumping period (01/11/2014-30/04/2015), 2nd pumping period ( 01/11/2015-30/04/2016)]. More specifically, it is studied in what degree the aquifer of interest will be affected and how it will react, i.e. in what degree the hydraulic heads will decrease and also how the saltwater intrusion phenomenon will increase (increase of mass concentration of chlorides) in the study area. For this reason, two pumping scenarios are created, scenarios A and B, which are simulating the water pumped from the wells of the hybrid project, as well as the initial scenario which indicates how the field behaves without the effect of the pumping wells of the hybrid system.The second part of this thesis, concerns the energy and the financial profits, which are produced from the hybrid system, through the study of the annual total energy, which is produced from the wind parks and the hydroturbines. Furthermore, different scenarios are created so that the energy which is produced and the profits which are made throughout a year and in a depth of twenty years can be calculated in order to investigate if finally the investment of every scenario is profitable and in what degree. Also, the environmental problems that the construction of this hybrid project can cause are determined and it is observed if a difference between the different scenarios occurs. For that to be achieved, five different scenarios are created, the first scenario studies the Malia’s hybrid wind pumping-saving-turbine system, the 2nd scenario studies an alternative suggestion of the same hybrid Malia’s project which is environmental friendlier and more sustainable, the third scenario studies the four wind parks and their function and the fourth and fifth scenario study the two wind parks in Chania and Rethimnon Prefectures respectively. To sum up, the conclusions are presented both for the study of the Malia’s aquifer, which emerged from the FEFLOW model and for the study of the energy and financial state of the hybrid system project and the wind park project, which emerged from the RETSCREEN computer program. KEYWORDSHybrid pumping-storing systems, Models of groundwater simulation, FEFLOW, RETSCREEN.

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