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Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater treatment plant effluents using hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction

Charalabaki Magdalini , Psyllaki Eleftheria, Mantzavinos Dionysis, Kalogerakis Nikos

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Περίληψη

A simple and efficient method for the enrichment of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)in effluents originating from wastewater treatment plants is presented here. The proposed protocol couples the recentlyintroduced hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) method with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.Method parameters were controlled and the optimised experimental conditions were: 5 ml aqueous samples, containing2.5% NaCl w/v, stirred at 1000 rpm, extracted with toluene for 15 min. The developed protocol yielded a linear calibrationcurve in the concentration range from 0.5 to 50 lg l1 for all target analytes (namely acenaphthene, phenanthrene,fluoranthene and pyrene) and limits of detection in the low lg l1 level (0.005–0.011 lg l1). The repeatability and interdayprecision of the method varied between 2.7% and 11.3% and 7.9% and 14.4% respectively. The relative recoveriesfrom different types of natural water samples revealed that matrix had a small effect on the hollow fibre LPME process.The developed method was then applied for the determination of PAHs contamination in effluent samples taken fromtwo major municipal wastewater treatment plants. The results were compared with those obtained with solid-phase microextraction.The ability of both microextraction methods to concentrate organic analytes was demonstrated as bothmethods confirmed the presence of PAHs as well as of phthalates in the examined effluent samples.

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