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BTEX removal in pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Gikas Petros, Tchobanoglous, George, Ranieri Ezio

Πλήρης Εγγραφή

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Περίληψη

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are commonly encountered pollutants. The focus of the present work is on the removal of BTEX using pilot-scale constructed wetlands (CWs). Experiment carried out in three similar pilot-scale horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands with an area of 35 m2 (each), two of which were planted with different macrophytes (Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia), while an unplanted one was used as control. A number of hydraulic tests were carried out using lithium bromide as tracer, to assess the hydraulic residence time. Residence time distributions for the two CWs indicated that the Typha field was characterized by a void volume fraction (porosity) of 0.16 and exhibited more ideal plug flow behavior (Pe = 29.7) compared with the Phragmites field (Pe = 26.7), which had similar porosity. The measured hydraulic residence times in the planted fields were 35.8, 36.7, and 34.1 h for Typha, Phragmites, and unplanted respectively, at wastewater flow rates equal to 1 m3/d. The observed percentage removal for BTEX ranged between 46 and 55%. The average removal in the Phragmites field was 5% higher than the Typha field and 23% higher than the unplanted field. BTEX removal was primarily attributed to volatilization; however, biodegradation also played a significant role.

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