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CO2 Methanation over Ru catalysts supported on Amino-C Lays

Karga Panagiota

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Summary

Interest in utilizing CO₂ to reduce air pollution and limit greenhouse gas emissions has significantly increased in recent decades. Human activities, combined with the heavy reliance on fossil fuels for energy production, disturb the balance between emissions and absorption mechanisms in the atmosphere, resulting in climate change. In the quest for CO₂ utilization and management technologies, various methods have been employed, including reducing emissions through renewable energy sources, capturing and storing CO₂ in geological formations, and converting it into useful chemical products. One promising approach is the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to produce CH₄, commonly known as CO₂ methanation or the Sabatier reaction (CO₂ + 4H₂ ↔ CH₄ + 2H₂O, ΔHo= -164.7 kJ/mol). This reaction is exothermic and thermodynamically favored at low temperatures (approximately 200–400 °C); however, it is kinetically limited within this temperature range. Among various metals, nickel (Ni) and ruthenium (Ru) are some of the most active catalysts in the Sabatier reaction and have been extensively studied to enhance their activity through metal-support interactions or other strategies. This thesis investigates the Sabatier reaction using Ru catalysts supported on synthetic amino clay analogues (SACA). These synthetic materials exhibit properties such as swelling, intercalation, and ion exchange, making them suitable for various applications, including catalysis, gas adsorption, nanocomposites, and biomedicine. The molecular formula of the SACAs used in this study is R₈Si₈M₆O₁₆(OH)₄, where R = -CH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂, and M is a combination of cerium (Ce) and lanthanum-cerium (La/Ce) in a 1:1 molar ratio. The SACAs were prepared using sol-gel technique. Ruthenium was deposited on the SACA supports through the wet impregnation method, achieving a loading of 3% w/w. The catalytic activity of the Ru catalysts on the SACA supports was investigated in the Sabatier reaction over a temperature range of 100–600 °C, and their catalytic stability was assessed at 380 °C during 12-hour stability tests. The evaluation of the experimental results indicated that the materials performed well in terms of both yield and selectivity for CH₄, highlighting their promising application potential in the Sabatier reaction.

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