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Data analysis in two buildings with zero energy consumption

Baltzois Michail

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Summary

In developed countries, the use of heating-ventilation-air-conditioning systems in modern buildings causes excessive electricity consumption to achieve thermal comfort, resulting in the consumption of up to 40% of the world electricity produced by them (Vorsatz). So in recent years more and more countries are investing in upgrade programs or the construction of zero energy buildings in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and tackle climate change.The dissertation entitled "Data Analysis in Buildings with Zero Energy Consumption" aims to analyze the measurements of two homes with almost zero energy consumption, in order to draw conclusions about whether the conditions of thermal comfort and air quality are met and whether the specific technologies are sufficient. to create almost zero energy housing for Italy's climate data. The analysis is done using the Python programming language. The data were given in csv file format, with recorded values ​​per quarter of an hour, from the summer of 2019 to the summer of 2020 and with the command libraries pandas and matplotlib, were analyzed individually and comparative data between the two dwellings. The files were divided into three main categories, indoor data, climate data and energy data. For the climatic data the air temperature, the relative humidity, the solar radiation were analyzed while for the indoor conditions the air temperature, the concentration of CO2. For the energy data, the consumptions for heating and cooling, the consumptions of electrical appliances, the production of energy from photovoltaic systems, the total consumptions of electricity and the consumption of electricity from the grid were analyzed.The object of study is in Granarolo del Emilia in Bologna, Italy. Two buildings have been constructed with technologies that make them almost zero consumption, following the instructions of the European research project Zero Plus. The purpose of this study is to analyze the data from the summer of 2019 to the summer of 2020, in order to determine whether the houses achieve their purpose as zero-consumption buildings and with the analysis of the measured sizes to understand the internal conditions of the two houses but and outdoor climatic conditions. The differences that exist between the houses are investigated and the malfunctions in the internal environment and in the systems are identified, as well as whether thermal comfort is achieved in their interior space.It also compares the two houses mainly for consumption and energy production from photovoltaic systems but also compares with the theoretical values ​​of the simulations in ideal conditions. From the analysis of the data it is observed that the two houses achieve thermal comfort as the indoor air temperatures measured are within ASHRAE base limits, ie between 20 oC to 24 oC in winter and 24 oC to 27 oC in summer while the relative humidity in the room is mainly due to below 65%. The CO2 concentrations that exist in the area are also important as the indications for one house are on average 582.68 ppm with a maximum found value of 952 ppm and in the second house it is on average 557.31 ppm with a maximum value of 1429.76 ppm. Finally, in the spring and summer months, both houses produce enough energy to meet the electricity requirements, especially during the sunny hours, while on most days of the rest of the months the consumption is higher than the energy production and more specifically the total consumption for the house. 1 and 2 are 9370.02 kWh and 10585.68 kWh respectively, while the electricity production is 6031.45 kWh and 7390.28 kWh respectively. These homes need 12.8 kWh / m2 of additional electricity generation to fully meet their energy needs, which makes them acceptable as almost zero energy buildings, based on current practices in Italy.

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