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Μοντελοποίηση υδατικού ισοζυγίου υγροβιοτόπου υπό την επίδραση επιφανειακών απορροών σε μεταλλευτική περιοχή

Zervogiannis Ioannis

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Summary

The contemporary mining activity constitutes a diverse field significantly impacting water resources, as mining and ore processing are closely linked to the hydrogeological environment. A wetland plays an important role in the environment and maintaining it in an ecological function with the necessary water is essential. In this context, this thesis focuses on the modeling of the water balance of a wetland using an application, Wetbud, for the first time in Greece, under the influence of surface runoff in a mining area.The hydrological cycle in mining areas is often shaped by the interaction between water deposits and mining activity, which brings about significant changes in the hydrogeological balance. This interaction between mining activity and the hydrogeological environment usually leads to significant changes in the balance of water resources, causing drought in neighboring areas or changes in river flow, and affects the amount of water available for other uses, such as agriculture and water supply.Modeling the water balance is a crucial tool for understanding these interactions and predicting their environmental impacts. Wetbud is a new tool for estimating wetland water budgets using available weather data and site-specific topographic, soil and geohydrologic data, coupled with mass balance mathematics. Wetbud is primarily intended as a planning tool for use in the design of created wetlands, but it can also be applied to native wetlands or wetland restoration sites where the required input parameters can be specified. Wetbud can be run in its basic form where wetland topography, soil parameters and groundwater flux are simplified, or in the advanced form, where these parameters are included in a more complex approach via integration of the MODFLOW package, a free 3D program that was developed by the United States Geological Survey. Both versions can also include overbank flow hydrology sources and the advanced form can also model sloping and irregular topography. The program downloads weather data from the nearest applicable station and selects appropriate wet-normal-dry (W-N-D) years following a modest user data clean-up step. Wetbud also has the ability to utilize existing short-term (e.g. 6 to 9 months) groundwater data from an up-gradient well to simulate longer-term groundwater level inputs for the selected W-N-D years. For this purpose, we used Wetbud and analyzed the results from two wetlands of different dimensions in a mining area in Halkidiki and specifically in the area of Olympiada. Based on this model, we examined the various factors affecting the water balance of the wetland and analyzed the results of the program.

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