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Stator inter-turn faults impact and detection in permanent magnet generation for renewables

Gkiolekas Nikolaos

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Summary

Present-day climate change, driven by the increasing average global temperature, has prioritized the transition to energy sources with minimal environmental impact. One study claimed that, as of 2009, wind had the lowest relative greenhouse gas emissions compared to other energy sources(Photovoltaic, Hydroelectric, etc.)[1]. Wind turbines (W/T) are classified into onshore and offshore types, with offshore W/T offering the advantage of higher electricity production per installed capacity. Another promising energy source is tidal power, which harnesses tidal energy to generate electricity and boasts greater predictability than wind. Energy production by installing Offshore W/T or Tidal Power has two important drawbacks, with first being the cost of construction and installation and the second is the maintenance of the power units. Therefore low speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators(PMSG) are proposed in which the gearbox is not necessary and in addition they do not have brushes on the rotor. This thesis focuses on the study and the diagnosis of the Inter Turn Short Circuit(ITSC) in a low speed dual rotr PMSG which has the particularity that the stator has no core. ITSC is a stator fault and it’s the most difficult fault to diagnose compare to rest of the faults of the machine. ITSC is also impossible to diagnose by a human during operation as it has a very fast evolution into a catastrophic fault. It’s therefore necessary a control system which aims to detect the internal short circuit and decide based on the severity of the fault. In this research, a numerical analysis of the currents and circulating currents of the stator windings is first carried out, as well as the analysis of the change of currents with the change of the severity of the fault. Then the least symmetric magnetic circuit and the magnetic flux in the airgap are calculated, as well as the analysis of the change of the magnetic flux in the airgap with the change of the severity of the fault. Finally based on mathematical models validated through simulations in Simcenter Magnet, two diagnostic techniques are proposed, with the first being the Zero Sequence Flux(ZSF) and the second being the Torque analysis.

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