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Sustainability assessment of multi-use offshore farm in the context of industrial symbiosis

Alexandrakis Dimitrios

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Summary

The present thesis examines the possibility of integrating an Offshore Mussel Farm on the surface of an Offshore Wind Farm in the area of Ierapetra in the context of industrial symbiosis in order to reduce the environmental impact. A further comparison between mussel production and pork production is made as both foods are of high nutritional value. The main problem analyzed is the need for sustainable solutions in the management of natural resources and pollutant emissions, especially in coastal areas where various productive activities coexist.As a methodological approach, Life Cycle Analysis based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 was used to compare the environmental impacts between pork production and mussel cultivation. The functional unit defined was 1 kg of mussels at harvest weight and for pork production 1 kg of packaged pork. The environmental impacts were calculated using the Simapro program where data were extracted from databases such as Ecoinvent. The impact assessment was carried out using the ReCiPe 2016 methodologies, focusing on indicators such as CO₂ emissions and marine eutrophication.The results showed mussel cultivation as a significantly more sustainable option. CO₂ emissions were reduced by 86% compared to pork production, and the mussels contributed to reducing marine eutrophication by acting as natural filters. The study demonstrates that the adoption of industrial symbiosis models, such as co-location of OWF with mussel cultivation, can be a solution for sustainable development as CO2 emissions were reduced by up to 32% when the percentage of renewable energy reached 100% and energy consumption costs were reduced by 60% in the corresponding case.

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