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Προσδιορισμός της προσροφητικής ικανότητας μπεντονιτών με τις μεθόδους της κεραμικής πλάκας και του κυανού του μεθυλενίου

Varakliotis Anestis

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Summary

Bentonite is a clay-rich material with significant swelling and adsorption capacity, mainly attributed to its high smectite content. Smectite, which can be either sodium- or calciumrich, plays a critical role in determining the physicochemical behavior of bentonite. The objective of the present Diploma Thesis is to investigate and evaluate the mineralogical composition and the adsorption capacity for water and methylene blue of 24 bentonite samples from various sources.Initially, the samples were analyzed mineralogically using X-ray diffraction (XRD),followed by qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment using EVA DiffracPlussoftware. Quantitative mineralogical analysis was carried out via Rietveld refinement using AutoQuan, enabling precise determination of smectite content and other mineral phases.Water adsorption capacity was evaluated through the porous ceramic plate method (Plate Test), while the cation exchange capacity (CEC) was estimated using the Methylene Blue Test (MBT). Six of the studied samples underwent full activation by the addition of 4% Na₂CO₃, whereas the remaining samples were partially activated by addition of deionized water.The results revealed a strong positive correlation between the smectite content and water adsorption efficiency. Sodium-rich and activated samples demonstrated higher values in both water and dye adsorption, while calcium-based and non-activated samples showed lower performance. The study confirmed the significant influence of mineralogical composition and activation on the adsorptive behavior of bentonite samples, contributing to a deeper understanding of their functionality in industrial and environmental applications.

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