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Electric cars and the environment: statistical analysis of their advantages and disadvantages

Kontogiannis Ioannis

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Summary

This paper examines the energy issue in the transportation sector, focusing on the fuels used by conventional vehicles and their environmental impacts, as well as the alternative perspective offered by electric vehicles.Initially, a detailed presentation is made of the main types of fuels used in internal combustion engines, such as gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and compressed natural gas (CNG), describing their production processes and energy nature (fossil or renewable fuels). Then, a thorough analysis of the environmental impacts of using these fuels is provided, both during combustion and throughout the stages of extraction, refining, and transportation, based on documented statistics and research.The paper then presents the historical evolution of the electric car, from its early applications to its modern technological revival, focusing on its components, such as the battery, electric motor, and control systems. Special emphasis is placed on the environmental impacts of electric vehicles, taking into account both the production phase and the usage phase, with references to issues like battery recycling and the energy footprint of electricity.The paper concludes with a comparative assessment of the two types of vehicles – conventional and electric – in terms of environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. The goal is to highlight the possibilities and limitations of each technology, as well as to support well-founded conclusions regarding the future direction of sustainable transportation.

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