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Μεθοδολογία παρακολούθησης βραχοπτώσεων σε πρανή με τεχνικές επεξεργασίας βίντεο και εικόνων

Kallimani Christina

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Summary

Road networks, especially located in high relief areas are surrounded by steep slopes which are prone to rockfall phenomena often causing damage to properties, infrastructures and loss of human lives. The incidence rate of this phenomenon especially in mountainous areas is such that necessitates the monitoring of natural and man-made slopes, to allow early detection of the phenomenon in order to reallocate traffic and/or to inform incoming drivers.Rockfall detection can be accomplished through various techniques, including, periodic monitoring of the digital surface model and the detection of the differences caused by the movement of the rock masses. In the international literature, geodetic and geotechnical methods have been proposed for rockfall detection using equipment such as robotic total geodetic stations, terrestrial lasers scanners and ground based interferometric synthetic aperture radar systems (SAR). These instruments are characterized by a high acquisition cost, which makes their use feasible mainly on small scale areas of interest.In this study, a digital image processing and video methodology is presented, for an automated rockfall detection system, as an alternative technique to identify, monitor and manage rockfall phenomena. By using digital image processing techniques, digital surface models before and after rock movement events can be created in order to calculate the displacement. Using video processing techniques, the trajectory of the rockfall can be recorded in real time. The methodology presented, combines flexibility and low equipment and data processing costs. Specifically, the results of data analysis are presented, obtained from an experimental set consisted of two cameras that record rockfall incidents in an artificial slope. The methodology applied is summarized in five basic steps:1. Acquiring and pre-processing of image and video data,2. Production and processing of three-dimensional surface models, used for displacement detection due to rockfall,3. Video processing for trajectory monitoring of the falling rocks,4. Integration of digital surface models and trajectories with geophone data,5. Optimization, in order to minimize detection errors (false alarms).

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