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Vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction of octylphenol, nonylphenol and bisphenol-A

Elefteria Psillakis, Evangelia Yiantzi, Konstantina Tyrovola, Nicolas Kalogerakis

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Περίληψη

A new and fast equilibrium-based solvent microextraction technique termed vortex-assistedliquid–liquid microextraction (VALLME) has been developed and used for the trace analysis of octylphenol,nonylphenol and bisphenol-A in water and wastewater samples. According to VALLME, dispersion ofmicrovolumes of a low density extractant organic solvent into the aqueous sample is achieved by usingfor the first time vortex mixing, a mild emulsification procedure. The fine droplets formed could extracttarget analytes towards equilibrium faster because of the shorter diffusion distance and larger specificsurface area. Upon centrifugation the floating extractant acceptor phase restored its initial single microdropshape and was used for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Different experimentalparameters were controlled and the optimum conditions found were: 50l of octanol as the extractantphase; 20 ml aqueous donor samples; a 2 min vortex extraction time with the vortex agitator set at a2500rpm rotational speed; centrifugation for 2 min at 3500 rpm; no ionic strength or pH adjustment.The calculated calibration curves gave high levels of linearity yielding correlation coefficients (r2) greaterthan 0.9935. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method were found to be good andthe limits of the detection were calculated in the low g l−1 level ranging between 0.01 and 0.07g l−1.Matrix effects were determined by applying the proposed method to spiked tap, river water and treatedmunicipal wastewater samples.

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