I. K. Tsanis , H. J. Leutheusser ,"Hydraulics of laminar open channel flow,"J.of Hydr. Research ,vol. 24,no.3,pp.193-206,1986.doi:10.1080/00221688609498542
https://doi.org/10.1080/00221688609498542
The concepts of onedimensional flow and quasi-uniform flow are employed to derive the fundamental differential equation of gradually varied laminar flow in open channels. The equation is solved for the particular case of rectangular conduits; and the analytically predicted surface profiles in channels of mild, zero, and adverse slopes are compared with experimental observations.