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Climate-responsive shading systems with integrated shape memory alloys (SMA)

Ouggrinis Konstantinos-Alketas, Chamilothori Kynthia, Kampitaki Antigoni-Maria

Πλήρης Εγγραφή

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Περίληψη

Contemporary records that indicate immense energy consumption[1], especially in large-scale buildings, along with the dynamic parameters of climate conditions and diverse occupancy needs havenecessitated an extensive research into climate responsive envelopes. With the ever-growing variety of innovative façade components and intelligent kinetic systems, finding ways to simplify the design approach is becoming more and more important. The integration of smart materials into established technologies can lead tosimpler, cost-effective and user-friendly kinetic solutions.This paper focuses on climate-responsive shading, providing an evaluation of existing kinetic shading system examplesandproposingtheiroptimizationwiththeimplementationof shape memory alloys (SMAs). These materials exhibitthe unique ability to have pre-programmed form settings that are connected tospecific temperature values. Duetothisfact,shapememoryalloys can be a lightweight, solid-state alternative to conventional smart assemblies with the additional ability of acting both as an actuator, controller and sensor. Architectural components could thus be independent of intermediaries, integrating adaptability through the material use itself. An advantage of using SMAs within the context of responsive systems is that the sensor/actuator cycle could be completely internalized, significantly reducing the complexity of the system and leading to a constitutivemodel[2].In this paper we specifically try to identify the components in existing kinetic shading systems that could be improved with shape memory alloy actuators. Furthermore,we explore the potential for novel aesthetics and specifically the augmented ability given from SMAs for the design and application of more intriguing morphological changes of the façades. In this way, the shading elements will provide the ability to adjust the interior conditions inside the building and also change the way people perceive it. The method for approaching the research question is based on computer simulations and lab scale models implementing nickel-titanium (Nitinol) alloy wires. We aim to demonstrate the possibilitiesas well as the restrictions of such an implementation. The techniques for the SMAs-based, climate-responsiveshading systems that we explore are aimed toward new constructions as well asexisting building stock, with the goal to avoid complex control systems. We believe that incorporating these no-mech dynamic systems into façades could lead architects to more seamless, biophilic designs with positive impact on ecological imprintand the potential to be more efficient and affordable to a broader audience. We hope that the results presented in this paper will stimulate a further interest in the integration of shape memory alloys within architectural components

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