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Μοντελοποίηση της υδρολογίας της λεκάνης απορροής Ταυρωνίτη

Topaloglou Angeliki

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Summary

This diploma thesis examines the hydrological processes taking place in the Tavronitis river basin. The study area, occupies 132 km2 and extends to the western part of the island of Crete and it is part of the Regional Unity of Chania. More specifically, it includes the stream of Tavronitis, which flows into the Cretan Sea, and the three tributaries Derianos, Sebreniotis and Roumatianos. The semi-distributed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (2012) was used in the ArcGIS environment, to simulate the hydrology of the study area. With the modeling of the catchment, 7 sub-basins and 40 hydrologic units of response (HRUs) were created. After the manual calibration of the subbasins of Sebreniotis and Roumatianos, the calibration was extended to Derianos, and the annual runoff for Tavronitis was determined to be 63.43 million m3 / year. For Sebreniotis, the runoff was 13.91 million m3 / year, for Roumatianos 10.98 million m3 / year and finally for Derianos 37.65 million m3 / year. The performance of the model was tested using statistical indexes, such as NSE, RSR, PBIAS.In the second part, the performance of the proposed Sebreniotis and Derianos reservoirs in the area of Papadiana and Voukolies , with the use of a water balance, in Microsoft Office Excel was studied. The aim of the construction of the two dams is to meet the water needs of the area and extend irrigation to a higher elevation zone. Run-off and evapotranspiration data were input from the SWAT model results. The meteorological data on daily temperatures and precipitation were taken from the Tavronitis, Zimvragou and Palea Roumata meteorological stations. Finally, the demand for irrigation and water supply per month of the year was calculated based on the experience of the Development Organization of Crete.The management scenarios implemented for each river, resulted from the annual needs of the area of approximately 13 million m3, as well as from the study created by the company HYDROSYSTEMA, Consulting Engineers Ltd. in 1992. More specifically, for Derianos, the construction of a design volume barrier of 18 million m3, with the aim of obtaining annually 18 million m3 and 14 million m3 was examined. The first scenario showed higher failure rates which attain the percentage of 15% for autumn months and 7% for the summer months, while the second scenario was more successful, with corresponding rates of 7% and 3%. Respectively, for the Sebreniotis dam, the scenario of 7 million m3, is considered problematic with failure rates that reach 30% for the autumn and 10% for the summer months, while the 5 million m3 one, is more effective while the percentages of failure appear to be lower, with corresponding values of 7% and 3%. Finally, for the creation of a reservoir of a maximum volume of 40 million m3, in the area of Derianos, with the contribution of Sebreniotis, there are excellent rates of accuracy, while failure is located only in the 3% of autumn and 1.4% of summer months , although the area at this stage could be autonomous with dams of a smaller volume.

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