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Oil families affiliation study in western Greece oils and core extracts

Dimitrakopoulou Foteini-Dorothea

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Summary

Western Greece has long been commonly known to be a region in which hydrocarbons are present. It was recorded during the Classical Period of ancient Greece and the Roman Empire that there are locations in western Greece at which oil wells out of the earth; these were marked as significant locations to obtain the hydrocarbons as a valuable resource. Despite this common knowledge, hydrocarbon exploration in Greece did not begin in earnest until the last century. Since then, only three commercial oil and gas reservoirs were discovered – the Kavala and Prinos oil fields in the Aegean Sea, and the West Katakolo oil field in the western Peloponnese. Western Greece continues to be a region of great interest to the commercial sector due to the geological history and structural geology of the three major zones in the area: the Gavrovo zone, the Pre-Apulian zone, and the Ionian zone (the latter of which is considered to have the greatest potential for an oil and gas reservoir). However, comparatively few explorations have been conducted as the understanding of the hydrocarbons continues to expand.This thesis focuses primarily on two major elements: firstly, to create a database that contains all of the current data available regarding hydrocarbons in western Greece; and secondly, to perform an analysis on the available data. The database is meant to be a resource that can be added to over time as research and hydrocarbon exploration continue in western Greece. The analysis conducted using the data compiled in the database was done using the MATLAB programming software. Hierarchical clustering methods were also utilized in the data analysis process. This analysis was used to determine information such as the kerogen type, maturity, source dependability, and potential for hydrocarbon generation of the samples, as well as the possible original type of depositional environment. The objective of this analysis is to determine whether or not there could be a relationship among the available data, which could prove to be invaluable in future explorations.The results indicated that the oldest samples from more consolidated formations such as the Vigla Shales and the Posidonia Beds are most likely to generate good quality oil-prone Type II kerogens, while the younger formations are more likely to be oil-or-gas-prone Type III and Type IV kerogens with less potential to produce viable hydrocarbons for commercial use. In addition, analysis of the alkanes data on the individual components of the samples from C14 to C35 indicated the possible origins of the samples. Bar charts and a dendrogram were created to illustrate the possible relationship among these samples. The resulting figures indicated the likelihood of the existence of two major oil families, which could have significant implications for future research. It must be emphasized that in order to confirm the relationship of the data, more information must be added to the database as research on hydrocarbons in western Greece continues.

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