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Προσδιορισμός άμορφου υλικού σε μπεντονίτες σε συνθήκες ξήρανσης και υψηλής σχετικής υγρασίας, με τη μέθοδο Rietveld

Georgilis Stavros

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Summary

Eight (8) bentonite samples from Milos, Bulgaria, India and the USA were studied in this paper. The purpose of their study was to determine the amorphous material contained in them. Bentonite samples were studied after two different processing procedures. The study (mineralogy of the samples) and the determination was done with the technique of X-ray diffraction (XRD) using EVA software (DIFFRAC plus Evaluation).The two different methods for processing bentonite samples were, in the first case, drying them for 24 hours at 105oC and in the second case exposing them to an environment of 100% humidity for 24 hours. Each sample was ground and sifted before the aforementioned processing procedures to achieve the desired and required grain size of the samples for the X-ray radiation diffraction (XRD) measurement. Each bentonite sample was mixed with a certain amount of zinc oxide, which was used as an internal standard. This use was based on its strong reflections and the fact that it does not contain any amorphous material. At the same time, the extremely small size of its particles eliminates the slightest absorption by the internal pattern.The process of quantifying phases involving the recognition of the main and secondary phases was done using AutoQuan software, which uses the BGMN code. The quantitative determination of the amorphous material was achieved using the internal standard. The Rietveld method used is a sensitive technique for quantitative analysis of bentonites using an internal template. It depends on many parameters and in order to give accurate results the steps for processing must be carefully handled by the operator.From the results and their evaluation, it was determined that both in drying and in wet conditions the bentonites of our study do show percentages of amorphous material. The study shows that the positive percentages indicate the existence of amorphous mass.

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