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Predictor-feedback on-ramp metering control of traffic flow at distant bottlenecks

Proestakis Emmanouil

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Summary

Increasing population in cities around the world creates congestion problems. Freeways, tunels, bridges are the most common bottlenecks where traffic jam occurs since drivers choose them as a quick path to their destination. Traffic congestion can be avoided either by traffic police or by traffic lights. As far as the latter is concerned the use of an automatic control system for the coordination of the traffic controllers is necessary.Although an automatic control system is an effective way for regulating traffic flow, a major drawback that inhibits its proper function is that of time delay (also known as dead time), this concerns the velocity in which a variable measure is received by the sensors of the control system, then to be processed, the distance to be transmitted and then to be evaluated. Several techniques have been designed for dealing with time delay in control systems such as Smith predictor, the Padé approximation, PID controller with a lead lag compensator, combinations of the aforementioned with observers or not. Α predictor-feedback law constitutes an alternative technique for delay compensation and it is employed here. Μore precisely there is a proposal for the use of a predictor-feedback law in the place of a PI controller under delay effect, as an efficient manner for the regulation of traffic flow in a distant bottleneck in a highway.In first place the construction, under the state variable model, of a PI controller is taking place for the traffic flow management. We then study the delay effect for various parameters of the PI controller. Last but not least the implementation of a predictor-feedback law for the compensation of delay effect is presented. Simulation results are presented for each control system plus a comparison review.

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