Ιδρυματικό Αποθετήριο
Πολυτεχνείο Κρήτης
Πολυτεχνείο Κρήτης
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EL
| URI | http://purl.tuc.gr/dl/dias/E504A02F-372F-4111-9DB1-D64B266A8193 | - |
| Αναγνωριστικό | https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020 | - |
| Αναγνωριστικό | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/1561/2020/ | - |
| Γλώσσα | en | - |
| Μέγεθος | 63 pages | el |
| Μέγεθος | 3,47 megabytes | en |
| Τίτλος | The global methane budget 2000–2017 | en |
| Δημιουργός | Saunois, Marielle, 1981- | en |
| Δημιουργός | Stavert Ann R. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Poulter Benjamin | en |
| Δημιουργός | Bousquet Philippe | en |
| Δημιουργός | Canadell Josep | en |
| Δημιουργός | Jackson Robert | en |
| Δημιουργός | Raymond Peter | en |
| Δημιουργός | Dlugokencky Edward J. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Houweling Sander | en |
| Δημιουργός | Patra Prabir K. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Ciais, Philippe, 1966- | en |
| Δημιουργός | Arora Vivek K. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Bästviken, David | en |
| Δημιουργός | Bergamaschi Peter | en |
| Δημιουργός | Blake Donald R. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Brailsford Gordon | en |
| Δημιουργός | Bruhwiler Lori | en |
| Δημιουργός | Carlson Kimberly M. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Carrol Mark | en |
| Δημιουργός | Castaldi Simona | en |
| Δημιουργός | Chandra Naveen | el |
| Δημιουργός | Crevoisier Cyril | en |
| Δημιουργός | Crill Patrick | en |
| Δημιουργός | Covey Kristofer | en |
| Δημιουργός | Curry Charles L. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Etiope, Giuseppe | en |
| Δημιουργός | Frankenberg Christian | en |
| Δημιουργός | Gedney Nicola | en |
| Δημιουργός | Hegglin, Michaela I. 1975- | en |
| Δημιουργός | Höglund-Isaksson Lena | en |
| Δημιουργός | Hugelius Gustaf | en |
| Δημιουργός | Ishizawa Misa | en |
| Δημιουργός | Ito Akihiko | en |
| Δημιουργός | Janssens-Maenhout, Greet | en |
| Δημιουργός | Jensen Katherine M. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Joos Fortunat | en |
| Δημιουργός | Kleinen Thomas | en |
| Δημιουργός | Krummel Paul | en |
| Δημιουργός | Langenfelds Ray L. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Laruelle Goulven | en |
| Δημιουργός | Liu Licheng | en |
| Δημιουργός | Machida Toshinobu | en |
| Δημιουργός | Maksyutov, Shamil | en |
| Δημιουργός | McDonald Kyle C. | en |
| Δημιουργός | McNorton Joe | en |
| Δημιουργός | Miller Paul A. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Melton Joe R. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Morino Isamu | en |
| Δημιουργός | Müller Jurek | en |
| Δημιουργός | Murguia-Flores Fabiola | en |
| Δημιουργός | Naik Vaishali | en |
| Δημιουργός | Niwa Yosuke | en |
| Δημιουργός | Noce Sergio | en |
| Δημιουργός | O'Doherty Simon | en |
| Δημιουργός | Parker Robert | en |
| Δημιουργός | Peng Changhui | en |
| Δημιουργός | Peng Shushi | en |
| Δημιουργός | Peters Glen P. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Prigent Catherine | en |
| Δημιουργός | Prinn Ronald | en |
| Δημιουργός | Ramonet Michel | en |
| Δημιουργός | Regnier Pierre | en |
| Δημιουργός | Riley William | en |
| Δημιουργός | Rosentreter Judith A. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Segers Arjo | en |
| Δημιουργός | Simpson Isobel J. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Shi Hao | en |
| Δημιουργός | Smith Steven J. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Steele L. Paul | en |
| Δημιουργός | Thornton Brett | en |
| Δημιουργός | Tian Hanqin | en |
| Δημιουργός | Tohjima Yasunori | en |
| Δημιουργός | Tubiello Francesco Nicola | en |
| Δημιουργός | Tsuruta Aki | en |
| Δημιουργός | Viovy Nicolas | en |
| Δημιουργός | Voulgarakis Apostolos | en |
| Δημιουργός | Βουλγαρακης Αποστολος | el |
| Δημιουργός | Weber Thomas S. | en |
| Δημιουργός | van Weele Michiel | en |
| Δημιουργός | van der Werf Guido R. | en |
| Δημιουργός | Weiss Ray | en |
| Δημιουργός | Worthy Doug | en |
| Δημιουργός | Wunch Debra | en |
| Δημιουργός | Yin Yi | en |
| Δημιουργός | Yoshida Yukio | en |
| Δημιουργός | Zhang Wenxin | en |
| Δημιουργός | Zhang Zhen | en |
| Δημιουργός | Zhao Yuanhong | en |
| Δημιουργός | Zheng Bo | en |
| Δημιουργός | Zhu Qing | en |
| Δημιουργός | Zhu Qiuan | en |
| Δημιουργός | Zhuang Qianlai | en |
| Εκδότης | Copernicus Publications | en |
| Περίληψη | Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Atmospheric emissions and concentrations of CH4 continue to increase, making CH4 the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of climate forcing, after carbon dioxide (CO2). The relative importance of CH4 compared to CO2 depends on its shorter atmospheric lifetime, stronger warming potential, and variations in atmospheric growth rate over the past decade, the causes of which are still debated. Two major challenges in reducing uncertainties in the atmospheric growth rate arise from the variety of geographically overlapping CH4 sources and from the destruction of CH4 by short-lived hydroxyl radicals (OH). To address these challenges, we have established a consortium of multidisciplinary scientists under the umbrella of the Global Carbon Project to synthesize and stimulate new research aimed at improving and regularly updating the global methane budget. Following Saunois et al. (2016), we present here the second version of the living review paper dedicated to the decadal methane budget, integrating results of top-down studies (atmospheric observations within an atmospheric inverse-modelling framework) and bottom-up estimates (including process-based models for estimating land surface emissions and atmospheric chemistry, inventories of anthropogenic emissions, and data-driven extrapolations). For the 2008–2017 decade, global methane emissions are estimated by atmospheric inversions (a top-down approach) to be 576 Tg CH4 yr−1 (range 550–594, corresponding to the minimum and maximum estimates of the model ensemble). Of this total, 359 Tg CH4 yr−1 or ∼ 60 % is attributed to anthropogenic sources, that is emissions caused by direct human activity (i.e. anthropogenic emissions; range 336–376 Tg CH4 yr−1 or 50 %–65 %). The mean annual total emission for the new decade (2008–2017) is 29 Tg CH4 yr−1 larger than our estimate for the previous decade (2000–2009), and 24 Tg CH4 yr−1 larger than the one reported in the previous budget for 2003–2012 (Saunois et al., 2016). Since 2012, global CH4 emissions have been tracking the warmest scenarios assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Bottom-up methods suggest almost 30 % larger global emissions (737 Tg CH4 yr−1, range 594–881) than top-down inversion methods. Indeed, bottom-up estimates for natural sources such as natural wetlands, other inland water systems, and geological sources are higher than top-down estimates. The atmospheric constraints on the top-down budget suggest that at least some of these bottom-up emissions are overestimated. The latitudinal distribution of atmospheric observation-based emissions indicates a predominance of tropical emissions (∼ 65 % of the global budget, < 30∘ N) compared to mid-latitudes (∼ 30 %, 30–60∘ N) and high northern latitudes (∼ 4 %, 60–90∘ N). The most important source of uncertainty in the methane budget is attributable to natural emissions, especially those from wetlands and other inland waters. Some of our global source estimates are smaller than those in previously published budgets (Saunois et al., 2016; Kirschke et al., 2013). In particular wetland emissions are about 35 Tg CH4 yr−1 lower due to improved partition wetlands and other inland waters. Emissions from geological sources and wild animals are also found to be smaller by 7 Tg CH4 yr−1 by 8 Tg CH4 yr−1, respectively. However, the overall discrepancy between bottom-up and top-down estimates has been reduced by only 5 % compared to Saunois et al. (2016), due to a higher estimate of emissions from inland waters, highlighting the need for more detailed research on emissions factors. Priorities for improving the methane budget include (i) a global, high-resolution map of water-saturated soils and inundated areas emitting methane based on a robust classification of different types of emitting habitats; (ii) further development of process-based models for inland-water emissions; (iii) intensification of methane observations at local scales (e.g., FLUXNET-CH4 measurements) and urban-scale monitoring to constrain bottom-up land surface models, and at regional scales (surface networks and satellites) to constrain atmospheric inversions; (iv) improvements of transport models and the representation of photochemical sinks in top-down inversions; and (v) development of a 3D variational inversion system using isotopic and/or co-emitted species such as ethane to improve source partitioning. The data presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-CH4-2019 (Saunois et al., 2020) and from the Global Carbon Project. | en |
| Τύπος | Ανασκόπηση | el |
| Τύπος | Review | en |
| Άδεια Χρήσης | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en |
| Ημερομηνία | 2021-07-08 | - |
| Ημερομηνία Δημοσίευσης | 2020 | - |
| Θεματική Κατηγορία | Global methane (CH4) budget | en |
| Θεματική Κατηγορία | Climate change | en |
| Θεματική Κατηγορία | Global Carbon Project | en |
| Βιβλιογραφική Αναφορά | M. Saunois, A. R. Stavert, B. Poulter, P. Bousquet, J. G. Canadell, R. B. Jackson, P. A. Raymond, E. J. Dlugokencky, S. Houweling, P. K. Patra, P. Ciais, V. K. Arora, D. Bastviken, P. Bergamaschi, D. R. Blake, G. Brailsford, L. Bruhwiler, K. M. Carlson, M. Carrol, S. Castaldi, N. Chandra, C. Crevoisier, P. M. Crill, K. Covey, C. L. Curry, G. Etiope, C. Frankenberg, N. Gedney, M. I. Hegglin, L. Höglund-Isaksson, G. Hugelius, M. Ishizawa, A. Ito, G. Janssens-Maenhout, K. M. Jensen, F. Joos, T. Kleinen, P. B. Krummel, R. L. Langenfelds, G. G. Laruelle, L. Liu, T. Machida, S. Maksyutov, K. C. Mcdonald, J. Mcnorton, P. A. Miller, J. R. Melton, I. Morino, J. Müller, F. Murguia-Flores, V. Naik, Y. Niwa, S. Noce, S. O'Doherty, R. J. Parker, C. Peng, S. Peng, G. P. Peters, C. Prigent, R. Prinn, M. Ramonet, P. Regnier, W. J. Riley, J. A. Rosentreter, A. Segers, I. J. Simpson, H. Shi, S. J. Smith, L. P. Steele, B. F. Thornton, H. Tian, Y. Tohjima, F. N. Tubiello, A. Tsuruta, N. Viovy, A. Voulgarakis, T. S. Weber, M. Van Weele, G. R. Van Der Werf, R. F. Weiss, D. Worthy, D. Wunch, Y. Yin, Y. Yoshida, W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhao, B. Zheng, Q. Zhu, Q. Zhu, and Q. Zhuang, “The global methane budget 2000–2017,” Earth Syst. Sci. Data, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1561–1623, Jul. 2020. doi: 10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020 | en |
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