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Τreatment of landfill leachate from the Landfill of Chania in constructed wetlands pilot systems with recycled HDPE and biochar as substrate meterials

Dimopoulos Efstratios

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Summary

The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the treatment of landfill leachate in constructed wetlands pilot systems with recycled HDPE and biochar from olive prunings as substrate materials. The plant species that distinguished these systems was common reed. The selected system was a horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland. The landfill leachate used in the constructed wetlands was collected from the Landfill of Chania after the stage of flocculation.In the context of this diploma thesis the inflow and outflow concentrations were examined and the removal of the pollutant load. The physicochemical parameters of pH, EC and the biological and chemical parameters COD, TSS, NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, TP, PO4-3-P as well as heavy metals (B, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Na) in the two systems were analyzed. BOD measurements were not performed in the outflow of the systems throughout the experiment, as the inflow BOD concentrations were low. In addition, the possible effects of air temperature on the systems on the evapotranspiration and the ability to remove polluting loads shall be analyzed. The supply of the systems with landfill leachate along with the recording of the volumes of inflow and outflow was done daily.Comparing the results obtained from the two constructed wetlands, the constructed wetland with the biochar and HDPE (PB) shows excellent removal rates in the pollutants NH4-N, NO3-N and NO2-N compared to the constructed wetland with HDPE (P). The removal rate of COD in the constructed wetland PB was expected to be greater than constructed wetland P. In the constructed wetland PB we observe a negligible increase in pH and electrical conductivity, compared to constructed wetland P. In the constructed wetland PB there is a little better removal of TSS than in constructed wetland P. The removal of PO4-3-P is the same in both constructed wetlands, while the removal of TP in the constructed wetland PB is slightly better than the constructed wetland P. The removal of heavy metals B, Al, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe is slightly better in the constructed wetland PB than in the constructed wetland P. In addition, the removal of the Mg, K, Mo, Cu, Na metals is slightly better in the constructed wetland P. Also, the evapotranspiration is greater in the constructed wetland PB compared to the constructed wetland P, suggesting that the biochar has contributed positively to the development of reed, leading to a bigger plant mass production.After a five-month operation (15 samples) of the two constructed wetlands and the analysis of the results, we concluded that the constructed wetland PB shows better rates of pollutant load removal than the constructed wetland P. Biochar plays a crucial role in pollutant load removal. The replacement of certain processes in the Landfill of Chania with horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands using recycled HDPE and biochar as substrate materials would be an interesting and promising alternative solution. Finally, it is worth noting that these two substrate materials were used for the first time in constructed wetlands. This fact is the novelty of this diploma thesis.

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