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Evaluation of available wind energy potential for the positioning of floating offshore wind farm using satellite data

Lampou Stavroula

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Summary

In recent years there have been significant developments in the field of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), which can coexist with the already widespread sources, such as those of fossil fuels. The aim of these forms of energy is to address to a large extent environmental issues that also concern climate change. The purpose of this thesis is to study the wind potential and, by extension, the location of floating wind farms in Crete, using satellite data from Remote Sensing and corresponding Earth monitoring services.Specifically, within the framework of the Copernicus Climate Change Service, analytical combined data by ERA5 are produced which integrate atmospheric records, data of the earth's surface and ocean waves. The data concerning the wind speed for the decade 2010 to 2020, which starts at 10 and ends at 100 meters from the Earth's surface, was processed. For processing purposes, an algorithm was implemented with the help of which the wind speed, wind potential, statistical values of months and years, as well as supporting graphs were calculated. In addition, a corresponding study was carried out with Satellite Altimetry data from the Sentinel-3A satellite. In this study, some trajectories of interest were selected, and plots of velocity versus latitude were created to see if there was stability in the values. The necessary correlation plots were also created with the data from ERA5. Subsequently, the main spatial criteria and areas of attention that must be taken into account for the creation of floating wind farms and their categories at greater depths were researched. Using an open-source Geographical Information System software, a map was created showing both the study points and the main points of interest around Crete, the NATURA2000 areas, and the sea depths, which constitute the key criteria for the construction of a floating wind farm.The study showed that Crete is characterized by strong wind potential in two geographical sections: a) in the NW section (Latmax=36°, Latmin=35° and Lonmin=22.2° and Lonmax=23.2°) and b) in the NE section (Latmax =36°, Latmin=35° and Lonmin= 26.2° and Lonmax= 27.2°). Wind speeds at 10 meters vary for the decade 2010-2020 with a mean value of 6.8 m/s with wind potential of 325 Watt/m2 and at 100 meters 8 m/s and 541 Watt/m2. In the NE section for 10 meters the prevailing speed is 7.3 m/s with wind potential of 373 Watt/m2, while at 100 meters the speed is 8.5 m/s and the potential is 631 Watt/m2.Based on the criteria for the construction of a floating wind farm, the wind speed is considered satisfactory at 10 meters. In the NW part of Crete, the point of interest is observed at great depths (over 1000 meters) which currently presents a high financial cost. On the contrary, the NE side of Crete is closer to the required criteria for the creation of the park, since it can move to depths between 200 and 500 meters. The continuation of the thesis requires the examination of the implemented approaches regarding the wind potential, as well as the examination of additional criteria concerning the spatial and financial part for the installation of a wind farm.

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