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Study and simulation of the use of fuel cells for the supply of aircraft emergency power system

Kartsonakis Georgios

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Summary

Nowadays energy management and reduction of environmental costs is one of the biggest concerns worldwide. The effects of burning conventional fuels, together with the exhaustibility of fuels, justifiably make the need for research and development of new fuels as well as the utilization of different forms of energy imperative. The continuous development of sectors such as electronic power, energy storage media, etc., combined with the rapid development of computer systems, have matured the conditions for the use of electric means of transport. In the field of transportation the prospect of replacing internal combustion engines with alternative energy-power supply technologies has been the subject of dozens of researches in recent decades. One of the most promising technologies for the best future replacement of internal combustion engines are fuel cells (FCs), whose zero environmental footprint combined with their high efficiency aim for their widespread use in the near future on buses, trains, ships and planes. In the aircraft sector, the prospect of replacing their propulsion systems with electrical systems is a particular challenge due to the complexity of the requirements. In the first stage, the attempt to replace the power supply of the non-propulsion systems of aircraft with systems based on the use of electrical energy, has already begun to appear in the aviation sector. Hybrid systems based on fuel cell technology have attracted the interest of researchers. The hybridization of fuel cell systems with energy storage systems such as batteries and supercapacitors is considered necessary to increase their efficiency, fuel economy and the rapid responsiveness of the system to the required changes in demand load. In order to realize the advantages of hybridization, the design of efficient energy management strategies (EMS) whose purpose is the correct distribution of the required power between fuel cells and energy storage systems, is a necessary condition. The purpose of this thesis is to propose an alternative way of powering the nonpropulsion systems of aircraft beyond the conventional one that so far relies on powering from the main engines. Specifically a hybrid fuel cell electrical energy system combined with battery and supercapacitor is modeled through Matlab’s Simulink environment with a view to replacement of power supply of aircraft emergency power system, which so far consists of a piston air turbine either of an air generator. The comparison and the drawing of conclusions regarding the efficient of the applied energy management strategies in terms of saving fuel, battery state of charge, the percentage of each source participation in covering the required load, the overall efficiency and observance of system technical limitations, is one more subject of research in this paper.

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