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Geostatistical Analysis of the level and quality of groundwaters in Greece using data from the National Monitoring Water Network

Vasilakis Stavros

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Summary

Fresh water is very important for people and especially in their daily routine for their needs. Of course, it is a commodity that is not available in abundance, when its proper management and rational use are essential A large part of freshwater is found underground and must therefore be properly exploited for current, but above all for future use. Against this background, this thesis aims at the geostatistical analysis of the groundwater table and groundwater quality in order to verify their adequacy and quality. To accomplish this, a sample was taken from 1359 boreholes, which were data collection water points, in different parts of Greece. Geostatistics is a very important tool in this work because with the help of known data, it can estimate some results in a place being studied, which were unknown until recently. The most well-known geostationary method is spatial Kriging estimation, which essentially consists of regular Kriging and Spatial Cokriging estimation. Based on the measurement data, the help of the ArcGIS program and the spatial Kriging estimation, the average water level was estimated as well as the measurement of nitrate concentration, at any points needed. Also, with the spatial estimation Kriging, the process was carried out by testing four models (spherical, gaussian, exponential and K-Bessel). The percentage of errors they had was checked to use the appropriate one, the one with the lowest percentage. Then, based on the model chosen in each case, the two hemibars were constructed and then the maps of the estimation of the average level and average concentration of nitrates and their uncertainty maps were created. Based on the map of the average level, some areas were identified where their underground aquifers may not be sufficient in quantity of water, with an average level below 25-35 m. Below it will be analyzed that the biggest problem occurs in aquifers located in Attica, the plain of Thessaly, the northeastern Peloponnese and eastern Crete. In the final part of the work, the results obtained, and their evaluation were presented. In addition, some factors addressing the problem that could positively affect underground aquifers in Greece were listed.

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