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Aerosol exposure analysis using mechanistically based modules

Mammi-Galani Eleni

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Summary

The objective of the current thesis was to study the exposure to PM10 in personal and population scale, through a combination of case studies, measurements, dosimetry models and other computer-based tools like Geographical Information Systems. In particular, the direct method of personal monitoring was chosen in order to estimate the daily personal dose. PM10 measurements were conducted in the city of Chania by residents and MSc students at the Technical University of Crete, with the use of a personal monitor and a diary of activities. The target was to examine the personal exposure and dose of the studied subjects in different microenvironments and to study the effect of different activities and indoor sources on human exposure. Additionally, an exposure and assessment model ExDoM2 was implemented and the received dose was estimated.Furthermore, in order to investigate the exposure from indoor sources, the cooking activity was selected as one of the major indoor sources and the measurements were conducted in the University of Birmingham. Experiments of four different styles of cooking (Chinese, African, Indian and West) were carried out and the effect of the different styles of cooking on the particle number size distributions was analysed. Moreover, the dose after one hour exposure while cooking in the different styles and in background concentrations was estimated. The personal exposure in Athens metro, as it is a microenvironment of public interest, was also investigated. With the target to study the exposure of both commuters and metro workers, two sampling campaigns were carried out both inside the trains and on several platforms. The time resolution used in the measurements was 1 sec and as a result it was feasible to study the effect of the train doors opening to the concentrations levels inside the train. The deposited dose of two types of metro workers and of the commuters was also estimated.Additionally, the deposition of heavy metals in the human body from the inhalation of particle-bound metals was investigated for citizens of 5 European cities. ExDoM and a pharmacokinetic PBPK model were used to determine the particle-bound metals dose in the human body. PBPK model is a key factor in understanding the deposition of metals in human body, to estimate the dose and the potential health effects. Finally, the exposure in population level was studied with the combination of available measurements from monitoring stations, census data and an interpolation method on a Geographical Information System. The proportion of population exposed in different PM10 concentrations in Attica was calculated for four years and the seasonal variation was also examined. 

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