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Computational simulation of tensions and of deformations in aortic walls with a purpose of assessing the risks of aneurysm

Mavraganis Stamatios

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Summary

The present work belongs to the field of bioengineering, a science whichcombines engineering with biology. In our thesis, a section of a human aorta thathas suffered an aneurysm (clot) is simulated. We investigate how the artery wallis affected in the occurrence of the phenomenon. The aorta is a tube-shapedstructure of the body whose role is to carry blood to each organ and return it to itby circulating it. The oxygen, hormones and nutrients necessary for the survival ofthe human body are also transported through arteries. By thrombus, we mean theblockage of an artery by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.In our model, the aorta segment has one blood inlet and two blood outlets defined by a shell. The simulation was carried out in COMSOL software which uses the finite element method for calculations. The aortas were not built in the program itself but are actual simulations from MRIs of patients with thrombus that we import into the software.In total, we simulate three models of an aorta segment. In these models, bloodflow bifurcates into two sub flows. For the design in the computational exercise,we considered the linear isotropic elastic material model. We simulated a total ofthree aorta-clog segments from different patients and then compared the stressand strains in arteries with a healthy artery to see what happens to the walls of the arteries when a clot forms inside them.The target is to simulate as realistically as possible the arteries that haveaneurysms, to calculate the stresses and deformations of the artery. Comparingthe results with the healthy artery may lead to formulating a tool for estimation ofrupture and eventually suitable early treatment ofthe disease.

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