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Καρκίνοι παιδικής ηλικίας: ταξινόμηση, προσδόκιμο επιβίωσης, προβλέψεις και προοπτικές

Tsiligianni Anastasia

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Summary

Cancer is a disease caused by changes in a person's genes that control how our cellswork (grow and divide). It is a generic name for over 200 related diseases. In all thesetypes of cancer, the main feature is that cells in a person's body begin to divideuncontrollably and spread to surrounding tissues.Childhood cancer (0-20 years old) is rare and the incidence of new cases is about 15.3per 100,000 per year, corresponding to about 1 per 6,500 children and adolescentsunder 20 years of age. It is the second cause of death in children (after accidents).Chapter 1 of this thesis gives a general definition of cancer and describes itscharacteristics (such as risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, therapies). Then (inchapter 2), childhood cancers are classified into 12 different (general) categories(according to the International Classification for Childhood Cancer (ICCC)). Also, adescription of the characteristics of each one of the 12 categories is given, includingthe associated pathology, epidemiology and relative survival rates. Statistics found inthe literature, on each type of cancer, are presented. Future incidence numbers,survival and death rates are provided for each one of the types of childhood cancer.Chapter 3 provides analysis of childhood cancers’ statistics (frequencies, bar graphs,time series diagrams, correlations of cancer factors, etc.) with respect to country,continent, risk factors, age, nation or race based on international registries andbibliography. Finally, chapter 4 presents childhood cancer data from Greece (thesedata are incomplete due to the difficulty of recording in childhood cancer in ourcountry // non-existence and operation of a systematic record of incidents).

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