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Επίδραση των συνθηκών πυρόλυσης ελαιοπυρήνα στα φυσικοχημικά χαρακτηριστικά του παραγόμενου βιοεξανθρακώματος

Vogiatzakis Stamatis

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Summary

In the framework of this postgraduate thesis, the production of biochar from olive kernel was at first investigated. Olive kernel, which is a product of olive trees processing, obtained from the local agricultural crops of the prefecture of Chania, at the company ABEA. Biochar production was performed at two pyrolysis temperatures (450 °C and 550 °C). After the production of biochars, their physicochemical assessment was carried out, involving the calculation of pyrolysis yield, char content, pH, volatile matter and surface area. In addition, FT/IR infrared spectroscopy analysis, TG thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analyses were carried out. It was determined that the optimum biochar, in terms of its physicochemical properties, was that obtained from the pyrolysis at 550 °C. The removal of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin at pH 7 using both biochars as adsorbents, was next explored. The adsorption capacity of each biochar was initially studied at 25 °C using a concentration of ciprofloxacin 25 µmol/L. It was revealed that the adsorption capacity of the biochar produced at 550 °C was higher than that obtained at 450 °C. The next step involved the effect of temperature (25 °C and 40 °C) on the absorption of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin over the optimum biochar, i.e. that produced at 550 o C. The absorption of ciprofloxacin at 550 °C was studied using the Langmuir (R2 >0.989) and Freundlich models (R2 >0.894). More specifically, the adsorption rates were 0.017 µmol/mg and 0.015 µmol/mg at 40°C and 25 °C, respectively. Finally, kinetic adsorption experiments were modeled using the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models. The results were simulated using the Excel for Windows and the Sigmaplot 12 programs for the linear and the nonlinear form of the two kinetic models. The results of this study showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model simulates better the experimental data (correlation coefficient R2 >0.964), with the linear form to be the predominant one.

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