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Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4): Current status and perspectives

Marakakis Antonios

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Summary

The excessive use of fossil fuels has led to an unprecedented increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. This increase plays the most important role in exacerbating the greenhouse effect and contributing to imminent climate change. As the irreversible effects of climate change become increasingly apparent, the need for a sustainable solution is now at the forefront of both scientific and political agendas. Many of the solutions suggested, entail the substitution of conventional energy sources and the development of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies. Among these solutions is the idea of converting CO2 into useful chemical products and/or fuels, such as methane (CH4) or alcohols. This diploma thesis focuses on CO2 catalytic methanation as an alternative solution. The objective of this research is to analyze the efficiency of the process using low-cost materials and highly active catalysts. Within this context, the parameters that affect the efficiency of the Sabatier reaction are examined. Then, CO2 capture and H2 production are reviewed, by focusing on technologies that are not powered by fossil fuels. The study also examines the performance of the reaction over various catalytic materials, as well as its environmental impact and financial sustainability. The findings of this research provide valuable insight into the potential of CO2 catalytic methanation as a sustainable solution to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.

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